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Pat the chicken dry with paper towels. Rub the outside of the chicken with the olive oil, then sprinkle the skin and cavity generously with salt and pepper. Sprinkle the outside of the chicken with the thyme. Place the lemon in the cavity. Tuck the wings behind the back. Position a rack in the middle of the oven and preheat to 450°F (230°C). Lightly oil a cast iron pan or small roasting pan just large enough to hold the chicken comfortably. Place the chicken, breast side up, in the pan and roast, basting occasionally with the juices, for 30 minutes. Reduce the heat to 400°F (200°C) and continue roasting until it is deep golden brown and the juices run clear when a thigh is pierced with a knife, about 30 minutes longer. An instant-read thermometer inserted into the thickest part of a thigh away from bone should register 170°F (77°C).
Transfer the chicken to a carving board and set the pan aside. Remove the lemon from the cavity and set aside. Loosely tent the chicken with aluminum foil and let rest for 10 minutes. Using a large spoon, spoon off as much of the fat from the pan juices as possible. When the lemon is cool enough to handle, cut it in half, squeeze the juice into the pan, and discard the spent halves. Add 3 tablespoons water to the pan, piace over high heat, bring to a boil, and deglaze the pan, stirring to scrape up the browned bits from the pan bottom. Cook until reduced by about one-third, about 2 minutes. Carve the chicken and arrange the pieces on a warmed platter. Spoon the pan juices over the top and serve at once.
Buon appetito !
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